The Battles of Arras and Vimy died out, having accomplished their function by fixing down large numbers of Germans and causing them much loss. Tactical success was improved on our part to the previous year's experience.

The Third Battle of Ypres — July to October

For the third time the Ypres Salient became the battleground of the British Army. The French attack on the Aisne on 16th April had very limited success. Nivelle's grand ideas had suffered a rebuff, the French had lost their morale, and political intriguers were busy. The Russian Army was very near final collapse owing to the Kerensky Revolution.

Sir Douglas Haig decided to carry out his plan to turn the German right flank near the sea coast.

Messines Ridge, 7th to 14th July

Messines, 7th July

The 18th and 21st Battalions took part in the admirably planned capture of the Messines Ridge by the Second Army. The attack was at 2 a.m., the 21st were in the front line and the 18th in reserve; 470 tons of explosive in nineteen mines blew up the German front trenches with their occupants. The final objective was taken with small loss.

Losses: Officers: killed 2, wounded 1; Other Ranks 117

Further ground was gained on 14th June by the 18th Battalion. The attack was completely successful, and heavy losses were inflicted on the enemy.

Losses: Officers: killed 2, wounded 2; Other Ranks 59

The Second Army had now gained all the necessary ground to prevent enemy observation, and secure the flank of the Fifth Army. The Fifth Army commenced their attack on 31st July.

Nieuport Bains, 10th July

The 1st Division had relieved the French in the narrow bridge-head over the River Yser. Two battalions were across the river, the 2nd Battalion 60th on the left and the 1st Northamptonshires on the right. The line consisted of breastworks, and the only artillery support was that of their own division, the French having moved their heavies before ours had come up. At 6 p.m. on 10th July a heavy